Tuesday, December 25, 2012

SDN Architecture

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a network architecture where the control plane is decoupled from the hardware and implemented as a software application. Legacy routers and switches had both the control plane and the data forwarding plane implemented in the same hardware appliance. SDN architecture separates the two and makes the control plane run on any standard server in a centralized location. This architecture provides more programmability and control to the network administrators without requiring physical access to the network's hardware devices that are involved in data delivery.


SDN has transformed the networks from following a tightly coupled architecture to a distributed architecture. The following graphics describe the architectural differentiation between Legacy Networks and Software Defined Networks. 

Figure 1 - Architecture of a legacy Router/Switch


Figure 2 - Legacy Network Architecture 





Figure 3 - Software Defined Networks (SDN) Architecture 





Monday, December 24, 2012

Need for Software Defined Networks (SDN)


Why do we need SDN? What are some factors that drive the need for adoption of Software Defined Networks (SDN)? This article answers these questions.

Image Source: www.pexels.com

Also read:

SDN Basics / 101
SDN Architecture - Protocols & Components

  1. Routers and Switches from popular vendors have a closed architecture, with a tight dependence on hardware. This results in increased R&D time and budget, which gets passed on to the customers. Next generation networking architectures should reduce the dependency on custom ASICs and proprietary technologies.
  2. Today’s network architectures are not scalable for ‘big data’ applications that are bandwidth hungry and latency sensitive. 
  3. Networks should be equipped to handle diverse traffic patterns generated by new applications - ranging from a two line status update on a social media website to a movie streamed online to a television.
  4. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) model creates the need for added security policies in Enterprises. Networks should be programmable to dynamically add or remove support for devices.
  5. Need for a platform to innovate - by allowing administrators to develop and test network applications in a production network, without impacting other services on the network.
  6. Simplify the provisioning of network services. For example, when someone signs up for a cloud based service the corresponding network configuration should be automatically created and rolled out.
  7. Simplify the administration of a production network. For example, removing a router from the network should not create the overhead of physically programming several other routers or switches in the network.

Thursday, December 13, 2012

OpenFlow Test Suites & Test Tools

Are you looking for OpenFlow Test Suites & OpenFlow Test Tools? Do you want to perform OpenFlow protocol conformance testing? This article captures the list of OpenFlow test suites and test tools for you to test the OpenFlow controllers and switches.


Also read:

OpenFlow Switch Vendors
List of OpenFlow Controllers

1) OpenFlow Test Framework

OpenFlow Test Framework (OFTest) is the Python based open source test framework maintained by the OpenFlow Foundation. This Test Framework is targeted at testing OpenFlow switch implementations. It is not meant to test a system with a OpenFlow switch and a OpenFlow controller. However, you can modify many of the test cases and the underlying framework to adapt to that environment.

OFTest is a test suite for testing OpenFlow 1.1 compatible switches.  OFTests starts with the very basics of OpenFlow, but provides a framework for development of more complicated tests. Parts of OFTest are being adapted and used for standards based compliance testing. You can find more information at

http://www.openflow.org/wk/index.php/OFTestTutorial

2) NICE

NICE is a python based tool to test OpenFlow controller application for the NOX controller platform through a combination of model checking and symbolic execution.

The symbolic engine is called by the model checker when the network model requires the generation of new packets to inject. NICE tool applies model checking to explore the state space of the entire system—the controller, the switches, and the hosts. You can find more information at

http://code.google.com/p/nice-of/

3) Spirent Test Center

Spirent Test Center supports OpenFlow protocol testing. The following are the key features supported by Spirent Test Center to test OpenFlow.
  • Interoperability with legacy switches in a hybrid environment
  • Interoperability with OpenFlow devices in a multi-vendor environment
  • Support for line-rate throughput with no loss or errors
  • Packet latency comparable or better than hardware-based traditional switches and routers
  • Load balancing and failover functionality and performance
  • Performance of security in a multi-tenant environment within and across multiple data centers
http://www.spirent.com/Networks-and-Applications/OpenFlow

Brocade and Spirent has demonstrated their interoperability with 100G OpenFlow network traffic, in a Australian Network Operators Group conference.

4) IXIA IxANVL 

IXIA IxANVL supports the following key features for OpenFlow testing:
  • OpenFlow conformance test suite
  • Industry standard for automated network / protocol validation
  • Quick and efficient tests via large, multi-node network emulations
  • Enhanced GUI and flexible test automation capabilities
  • Automated validation library for protocol compliance and interoperability
  • Verifies vendor design during the product’s entire life cycle

5) Codenomicon

Codenomicon supports test suites for both OpenFlow Controller and OpenFlow switch to test security flaws and robustness problems. The following are the key features supported:
  • Fully automated black-box negative testing
  • Ready-made test cases
  • Written in Java(tm)
  • GUI, command line, remote interface modes
  • Instrumentation (health-check) capability
  • Support and maintenance
  • Comprehensive user documentation
  • Results reporting and analysis
More details can be found at



Also read:

OpenFlow Switches & Vendors for SDN

OpenFlow emerged as the "standard" protocol to manage the forwarding planes in a SDN enabled Switch. Several SDN Whitebox switches in the market support OpenFlow protocol. This article captures a few OpenFlow Switch Vendors in the market. OpenFlow Switches are deployed in Software Defined Networks (SDNs) for data forwarding. The flow tables in the OpenFlow Switches are managed by the OpenFlow Controllers. 


Also read:

SDN Basics / 101
List of OpenFlow Controllers
OpenFlow Test Suites & Tools
SDN in Transport Networks - Challenges, Solutions and Benefits

Plexxi

The Plexxi Switch is the first SDN-based Ethernet switch that integrates the power and flexibility of high density optical multiplexing technology to create rich bandwidth, low-latency, adaptable data center networks for clouds and dynamic data centers. Visit: www.plexxi.com

HP

HP supports OpenFlow on 25 switch models.
HP claims that over 15 million installed ports in HP switches are OpenFlow capable. They offer a free upgrade to their OpenFlow enabled software. Visit www.hp.com

Pica8


Pica8™ open switches meet the demands of traditional network architectures and deliver the flexibility and adaptability for software defined networking (SDN). Ideal for cloud and virtualized data centers, Pica8's switches seamlessly integrate with today's data center applications, while allowing the exploration of new SDN technologies. Visit: www.pica8.com

Indigo

Indigo is an open source project to support OpenFlow on a range of physical switches. By leveraging hardware features of Ethernet switch ASICs, Indigo supports high rates for high port counts, up to 48 10-gigabit ports. Visit: http://www.openflowhub.org/display/Indigo/Indigo+-+Open+Source+OpenFlow+Switches


NEC

NEC's ProgrammableFlow Switch is a powerful, hybrid, multi-layer switch. It can integrate into a legacy environment. Or it functions fully with OpenFlow-enabled benefits behind NEC’s ProgrammableFlow Controller. Visit: http://www.necam.com/SDN/

IBM


IBM's Rackswitch G8264 is optimized for High Performance Computing and other applications requiring high bandwidth and low latency. OpenFlow enabled, making user-controlled virtual networks easy to create, optimizing performance dynamically and minimizing complexity. Visit: http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/networking/switches/rack/g8264/

Extreme Networks


Extreme Networks has added OpenFlow support across its entire product portfolio.  This allows networks with Extreme Switches to be provisioned into multiple logical networks from Layer 2 to Layer 7 which in turn can be mapped to applications and tenants, as well as the associated security and access policies. Visit: http://www.extremenetworks.com/solutions/datacenter_sdn.aspx

Brocade

The Brocade MLX Series of advanced routers delivers unprecedented scale and performance, high reliability, and cost-saving operational efficiency for the world's most demanding service provider and enterprise networks. With OpenFlow support in true hybrid mode, the Brocade MLX Series delivers industry-leading 10 GbE and 100 GbE density for software-defined networks in conjunction with traditional routing, providing flexible flow control to respond to dynamic traffic patterns and address business needs. Visit: http://www.brocade.com/products/all/routers/product-details/netiron-xmr-series/index.page

Juniper

Juniper has developed an OpenFlow switch application based on OpenVswitch (OF 1.0) code, called the OF-APP. It can be installed in MX-series router platforms using JUNOS-SDK. Once installed, new configuration options are provided through which specific ports can be put under control of an external OpenFlow controller. Any OpenFlow 1.0 compliant controller implementation can be used to controller the JUNOS OpenFlow switch application. Visit: https://developer.juniper.net/content/dam/jdn/Programmable%20Networks/OpenFLow_APP_JDN_Overview.pdf

Also read:




Wednesday, December 12, 2012

SDN acquisitions


This blog post tracks all the SDN acquisitions that are done in the recent days. The size of the SDN (Software Defined Networking) deals range from billion dollars to a few hundred million dollars.



Also read:

10 SDN Startups
SDN Basics / 101



Name of the Startup
Description
Value of the Deal
Nicira 

(Acquired by VMWare in July 2012)
Nicira's core offering is the Network Virtualization Platform (NVP). NVP is software that manages a network abstraction layer between end hosts and the physical network and enables the creation of virtual networks that operate independent of the underlying physical network. NVP works with any network hardware from any vendor and is hypervisor agnostic, working with VMware ESXi, Linux/KVM, Xen/Xen Server and Microsoft HyperV.
$1.2 Billion
Xsigo

(Acquired by Oracle in
July 2012)
Xsigo’s software-defined networking technology simplifies cloud infrastructure and operations by allowing customers to dynamically and flexibly connect any server to any network and storage
Undisclosed
vCider

(Acquired by Cisco in Oct 2012)
vCider technology provides expertise in the development of network overlay technology for secure data center infrastructure virtualization.
Undisclosed
Meraki

(Acquired by Cisco in Nov 2012)
Meraki is a cloud-managed network infrastructure company. Meraki management software (called the "Enterprise Cloud Controller") allows Meraki networks to be set up and controlled through the internet. The same management software is used for all of their product lines (wireless LAN, security appliances, switches, and Systems Manager).
$1.2 Billion
Cariden

(Acquired by Cisco in Nov 2012)
Cariden builds visibility, control and analysis solutions for companies that view their network as a business platform. Cariden solutions are unique in covering past, current and future performance of the network.
$141 Million
Vyatta

(Acquired by Brocade in Nov 2012)
Vyatta pioneered the decoupling of routing and security software from proprietary hardware, creating the industry’s first and only platform-independent network operating system, Vyatta Network OS.
Undisclosed
Contrail

(Acquired by Juniper in Dec 2012)
Contrail founded in 2012, claims to have direct engagement with early customers to address the significant networking and operational challenges encountered when scaling their private and hybrid cloud architectures.
$176 Million

SDN Architecture - Protocols & Components

Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture decouples the control plane from the data forwarding plane. SDN architecture provides more programmability and control to the network administrators without requiring physical access to the network's hardware devices. The control plane function is typically centralized. This article describes the SDN protocols and the various SDN components involved in a SDN-ized network.





Also read:  SDN Architecture


SDN Protocols

OpenFlow is the most popular protocol used in Software Defined Networks (SDN). However, there are other protocols such as ForCES, PCE, OpenConfig and NetConf used in the SDN world for managing network devices. 

SDN architecture consists of a OpenFlow Controller and one or more OpenFlow switches/routers. In an OpenFlow enabled architecture - there are two distinct functions / components - the OpenFlow Controller and the OpenFlow Switch.


SDN Components

OpenFlow Controller

OpenFlow Controller is the control plane application which provides control and visibility into the OpenFlow Switches. It is primarily used for managing the flows and for defining/downloading policies to the network. You can find some open source OpenFlow Controllers (C++ and Python implementations) at http://www.noxrepo.org/. You can also look at the list of OpenFlow controllers in the market


OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow switches are routers/switches that support OpenFlow protocol. OpenFlow switches can be running on a hardware directly or on a virtual machine. OpenFlow switches forward packets and handles flows based on the programming done by the OpenFlow controller.  

An OpenFlow Switch consists of one or more flow tables and a group table, which perform packet look-ups and forwarding, and an OpenFlow channel to an external controller. Using the OpenFlow protocol, the controller can add, update, and delete flow entries in flow tables, both reactively (in response to packets) and proactively. Each flow table in the switch contains a set of flow entries; each flow entry consists of match fields, counters, and a set of instructions to apply to matching packets. 

Also read: 

Software Defined Networking (SDN) Basics / 101


What is SDN (Software Defined Networking)? 

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a network architecture where the control plane is decoupled from the data forwarding plane and implemented as a software application.

Legacy routers and switches had both the control plane and the data forwarding plane implemented in the same hardware appliance. SDN architecture separates the two and makes the control plane run on any standard servers in a centralized location. This architecture provides more programmability and control to the network administrators without requiring physical access to the network's hardware devices that are involved in data delivery.

Also read: 

Need for SDN
SDN Architecture - Protocols & Components

Here is the official definition from the Open Networking Foundation defines SDN, according to an April 13, 2012 white paper:

"Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture where network control is decoupled from forwarding and is directly programmable. This migration of control, formerly tightly bound in individual network devices, into accessible computing devices enables the underlying infrastructure to be abstracted for applications and network services, which can treat the network as a logical or virtual entity."

Also read: 10 Software Defined Networking Startups

What are the benefits of SDN?
  1. Innovation: Virtualized programmable networks reduces the barrier to entry for new ideas, increasing the rate of innovation in the network infrastructure. For example, researchers can experiment with their ideas on a segment of a production network without impacting it.
  2. New Business Models: Virtualization allows partitioning of network resources and hence, makes it possible for a business model to resell network services.
  3. Ease of Management: A network administrator can shape traffic from a centralized control console without having to touch individual switches
  4. Cost Effective: Allows the administrator to use less expensive, commodity switches and have more control over network traffic flow. 
  5. Flexibility in Vendor Selection: Allows a network operator to mix and match devices from different vendors. Administrator can make independent choices for the control and data plane vendors)
Also read: List of OpenFlow Controllers for SDN

What are the protocols involved in SDN?

The most popular protocol in the SDN world is OpenFlow. 

What is OpenFlow?

OpenFlow is a standard protocol used by a network controller to manage the flow table information in the switches/routers. OpenFlow is used in the communication between control plane and data plane in a Software Defined Network (SDN). It gives access to the forwarding plane of a network switch or router over the network.

OpenFlow protocol originally evolved as a way for researchers to run experimental protocols in the network, has gained popularity over the years.
Who are the major networking vendors that support OpenFlow today?

Brocade Communications, Arista Networks, Extreme Networks, IBM, Juniper Networks, Hewlett-Packard  and NEC have made product announcements regarding OpenFlow. You can find them below. It is surprising to see populare networking product vendors such as Force10, Cisco not having any products that support OpenFlow today - though each one of them have lots of marketing material publishing on OpenFlow.










SDN Startups

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is the biggest architectural innovation by networking industry in the last several decades. A number of SDN startups have emerged in this space, coming up with products, technologies and solutions related to SDN. Here are the SDN startups that I know of:

Also read: 

Software Defined Networking (SDN) Basics / 101
SDN Acquisitions

1. Adara Networks
Website: www.adaranet.com

The ADARA Networks Horizon Software Defined Networking Platform comprehensively delivers SDN; the ability to dynamically enable and implement any behavior, any policies, any performance, any scalability, desired in Networking and Computing. Where other SDN offerings are limited, ADARA Horizon is comprehensive and commercial ready.

2. Big Switch
Website: www.bigswitch.com

Big Switch Networks is the leading platform-independent SDN vendor. The Open SDN architecture is built around the Big Network Controller, which provides a common data model and policy abstraction for all the network fabric elements. These universal network abstractions and the Big Network Controller leverage industry standards and open APIs to provide maximum deployment flexibility. The Big Network Controller also enables a broad range of application support, including data center network virtualization.

3. Contrail Systems
Website: www.contrailsystems.com


Contrail was founded in early 2012 by a veteran team of networking and software platform experts from Google, Juniper, Cisco, and Aruba. Contrail claims to have direct engagement with early customers to address the significant networking and operational challenges encountered when scaling their private and hybrid cloud architectures. Details of the product/technology is not yet publicly announced.

4. Cumulus Networks
Website: www.cumulusnetworks.com

Cumulus Networks is developing solutions for IT providers  to operate varied and complex applications over generic infrastructure. Cumulus Networks claims to apply their  vast experience in networking, hosts, distributed systems, hardware, and software to create a new type of networking systems company directed at the needs of the new wave of data center computing architectures.

5. Embrane
Website: www.embrane.com

As the industry’s first and only company to deliver virtual layer 3-7 network services for both traditional and software-defined networks (SDNs), Embrane created heleos, a multi-service, distributed software architecture for powering network services. Embrane's heleos-powered load balancers and firewall/VPNs can be provisioned in seconds and scale on-demand from a single point of management.

Also read: 

Software Defined Networking (SDN) Basics / 101
SDN Acquisitions

6. Pica8
Website: www.pica8.com

Pica8™ is fulfilling the promise of true software-defined networking (SDN) by providing the world's first open, hardware-independent switching system. Pica8's open switches transform the data center by decoupling hardware from software. This new approach provides greater flexibility and adaptability and supports increased automation, while driving down implementation- and management-related costs of cloud and virtualized applications.

7. Intune Networks
Website: www.intunenetworks.com

Intune can uniquely extend SDN across the metro network by abstracting it into a 'giant' local area switch. Intune’s distributed switch architecture transforms multiple switching and transport elements into a single 'local' switch, with ports hundreds of miles apart.

The entire network can then be controlled,  via an open control protocol interface, as a single switching element. Or, for SDN's implemented with virtual switches at the network edge, it can provide them with a full-mesh of non-blocking connectivity  - just as they expect from local switches in the data centre.

8. Insieme Network
Website: www.insiemenetworks.com

Insieme Networks is founded by an exceptionally talented and experienced team with a track record of delivering products that power the networks of the Enterprise, Commercial, Service Provider, and Public Sector customers worldwide.

This team is now working on emerging technologies that will ultimately lead to the network of the future in the Data Center and  Cloud environments. Cisco Systems is an investor in Insieme Networks.


9. Versa Networks
Website: www.versa-networks.com

Versa Networks has pledged to transform the multibillion dollar network infrastructure market. Along with a select group of customers, we are in the process of building a revolutionary architecture that would leverage virtualization and distributed systems technology to redefine the economics of unfolding networks. Our goal is to forever change the network infrastructure segment.

10. Vello Systems
Website: www.vellosystems.com

Vello Systems is a privately held Silicon Valley company pioneering in the field of software-defined networking through its VellOS network operating system and Data Center Gateway (DCG) product platform.

The Vello DCG platform simplifies data center server and storage infrastructure internetworking, and delivers optimized solutions for latency sensitive applications such as content delivery, storage replication, big data connections and cloud services.


11. Midokura
Website: www.midokura.com



Midokura provides layer 2 - 7 distributed virtual networking services for OpenStack based public or private clouds. Midokura's Midonet is an advanced Software Defined Networking solution (SDN) that uncouples your cloud from your network hardware, creating an intelligent software abstraction layer between your end hosts and your physical network. This truly virtualized network enables your enterprise to realize the full benefits of your investment in the cloud:

Also read: 

Software Defined Networking (SDN) Basics / 101
SDN Acquisitions